南开中学英语高级教师，资深高考英语教学专家。曾任2007年南开区高考英语指导组首席教师。多年来，一直专职教授南开中学理科实验班，许多学生在获得了数理化各科金牌的同时，英语非但没有受影响，而且考上清华、北大等顶尖大学，英语同时也成为了他们引以为豪的强项，莘莘学子深有感触地说，从李老师身上学到的不仅是知识，更重要的是科学深邃的思维方法，达到了举一反三、触类旁通、事半功倍的效果。(接2日)3)我们再分析及物动词say, report, think, believe, know, suppose的被动语态情况下的用法。●据说那家公司正在对安全标准进行改进。A spokesman says that the company is improving its safety standards.“that” 引导的从句，担当及物动词say的宾语。= It is said that the company is improving its safety standards.“that” 引导的从句担当主语，it做形式主语。= The company is said to be improving its safety standards.不定式进行式 “to be improving” 表示动作正在进行,相当于从句that the company is improving its safety standards.当句子以简单句形式出现时，从句的主语担当主语，及物动词say, report, think, believe, know, suppose的被动语态后面的非谓语动词只允许使用动词不定式的各种形式担当主语补足语, 而不可以使用动名词。不可以说：The company is said╳improving its safety standards.及物动词say的被动形式is said后不可以跟动名词improving担当主语补足语。●(我认为)现在去谋求那个工作职位为时已晚了。I suppose (that) it is too late to apply for that job now. ( 句子谓语使用suppose的主动语态)= It is supposed too late to apply for that job now. 句子谓语使用suppose的被动语态is supposed，后面跟不定式一般式担当主语补足语。●(人们)都了解温室气体会对气候产生影响。We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate.= Greenhouse gases are known to affect the climate.及物动词know的被动语态are known后跟不定式一般式表示将来。●对吸烟会增加患肺癌的可能性这一点我们深信不疑。Smoking is believed to increase a person's risk of developing lung cancer.= It is believed that smoking can increase a person's risk of developing lung cancer.= Everyone believes that smoking can increase a person's risk of developing lung cancer.从以上例子不难看出，那种所谓的 “It is said/reported+从句和sb.+is said/reported+to do sth.”是固定句型或固定用法, 并将其对照为汉语翻译 “含义为：据说……； 据报道……” 这样的学习方法就显得有些肤浅和死板了。毋庸置疑，正确使用动词不定式 ①与句子谓语动词的自身用法紧密相关，这些动词的基本用法必须牢牢记住。②不定式的各种形式的正确使用源于从句谓语动词的时态语态，那么句子动词的时态使用应该明明白白。只有这样才能解决非谓语动词学习中，动词不定式与动名词区别的疑难问题，才能真正形成分析问题，解决问题的能力。
